搞懂这两个组件,Spring 配置问题少一半!

案例

前置条件:
resources 目录下有 hello/hello.properties 文件,文件内容如下:

hello=nihao 

案例一:
HelloController 类中通过 @PropertySource 注解引用 properties 文件的内容,然后就可以通过 @Value 注解引用这个配置文件中的 hello 这个 key 了。

@PropertySource({"classpath:hello/hello.properties"}) @RestController public class HelloController {       @Value("${hello}")       private String hello;          @GetMapping("/hello")       public String hello() {           return hello;       }   } 

案例一执行的结果是返回 nihao 这个字符串。

案例二:
AnotherController 类中通过 @PropertySource 注解引用 properties 文件的内容,在 HelloController 中仍然可以通过 @Value 注解引用这个配置文件中的 hello 这个 key 。

@RestController public class HelloController {       @Value("${hello}")       private String hello;          @GetMapping("/hello")       public String hello() {           return hello;       }   }  @RestController @PropertySource({"classpath:hello/hello.properties"}) public class AnotherController { 	// 省略代码 } 

案例二返回的结果和案例一一致,这说明了只需要一个 Bean 通过 @PropertySource 注解引用了 properties 配置文件后,其它的 Bean 无需再使用@PropertySource 注解引用即可通过 @Value 注入其中的值。

案例三:

@Getter   @Setter   public class TestBean {      private String attributeA;            private String attributeB;   }  @RestController public class HelloController {       @Value("${hello}")       private String hello;  	@Autowired 	private TestBean testBean;        @GetMapping("/hello")       public String hello() {   	    System.out.println("AttributeA = " + testBean.getAttributeA()); 	    System.out.println("AttributeB = " + testBean.getAttributeB());         return hello;       }   } 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">      <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:testBean/testBean.properties"/>      <bean id="testBean" class="com.test.TestBean">         <property name="attributeA" value="${valueA}"/>         <property name="attributeB" value="${valueB}"/>                  <!-- 省略其它配置 -->     </bean> </beans> 

testBean.properties 配置文件中的值如下:

valueA=testA valueB=testB 

案例三执行的结果是 testBean 中的属性被正确替换为了 testBean.properties 配置文件中的值。
搞懂这两个组件,Spring 配置问题少一半!

案例四:
hello.properties 文件中增加 attributeA 配置项,其它和案例三保持一致:

valueA=anotherTestA 

案例四执行的结果是 testBean 中的 attributeA 属性被替换为了 hello.properties 中的值,attributeB 中的属性被替换为了 testBean.properties 中的值。
搞懂这两个组件,Spring 配置问题少一半!

源码分析

@PropertySource注解

在 Spring 中提供了 BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor 接口,它提供了一个方法可以注册额外的 Bean 定义。代码如下:

public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {       void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException; } 

Spring 中提供了 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 做为实现类,在它的 postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry() 通过 ConfigurationClassParser 去将 @Configuration 等注解修饰的类解析成 Bean 定义并注册。

而在 ConfigurationClassParser 中的 doProcessConfigurationClass() 方法会解析所有 @PropertySource 注解的配置信息,然后根据配置的路径加载对应路径下的配置文件,然后注册到 Environment 中。代码如下:

protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass( 	ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass,  	Predicate<String> filter) 	throws IOException { 	// Process any @PropertySource annotations 	for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable( 	    sourceClass.getMetadata(), org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class, 	    PropertySources.class, true)) { 	    if (this.propertySourceRegistry != null) { 	        this.propertySourceRegistry.processPropertySource(propertySource); 	    } 	    else { 	        logger.info("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + 	                "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment"); 	    } 	} } 

PropertySourceRegistryprocessPropertySource() 方法中获取到注解配置的文件的位置,然后又委托给了 PropertySourceProcessor 处理。代码如下:

void processPropertySource(AnnotationAttributes propertySource) throws IOException {     String name = propertySource.getString("name");     if (!StringUtils.hasLength(name)) {         name = null;     }     String encoding = propertySource.getString("encoding");     if (!StringUtils.hasLength(encoding)) {         encoding = null;     }     // 获取到注解中配置的配置文件的位置     String[] locations = propertySource.getStringArray("value");     Assert.isTrue(locations.length > 0, "At least one @PropertySource(value) location is required");     boolean ignoreResourceNotFound = propertySource.getBoolean("ignoreResourceNotFound");      Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factoryClass = propertySource.getClass("factory");     Class<? extends PropertySourceFactory> factoryClassToUse =             (factoryClass != PropertySourceFactory.class ? factoryClass : null);     PropertySourceDescriptor descriptor = new PropertySourceDescriptor(Arrays.asList(locations),             ignoreResourceNotFound, name, factoryClassToUse, encoding);     //      this.propertySourceProcessor.processPropertySource(descriptor);     this.descriptors.add(descriptor); } 

PropertySourceProcessorprocessPropertySource() 方法中遍历每个配置文件位置加载配置文件,然后添加到 EnvironmentpropertySources 中。代码如下:

public void processPropertySource(PropertySourceDescriptor descriptor) throws IOException {     String name = descriptor.name();     String encoding = descriptor.encoding();     List<String> locations = descriptor.locations();     boolean ignoreResourceNotFound = descriptor.ignoreResourceNotFound();     PropertySourceFactory factory = (descriptor.propertySourceFactory() != null ?             instantiateClass(descriptor.propertySourceFactory()) : defaultPropertySourceFactory);      for (String location : locations) { // 遍历每个配置文件位置加载配置文件         try {             String resolvedLocation = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(location);             for (Resource resource : this.resourcePatternResolver.getResources(resolvedLocation)) {                 addPropertySource(factory.createPropertySource(name, new EncodedResource(resource, encoding)));             }         } catch (RuntimeException | IOException ex) {             // 省略点         }     } }  private void addPropertySource(PropertySource<?> propertySource) {     String name = propertySource.getName();     MutablePropertySources propertySources = this.environment.getPropertySources();      if (this.propertySourceNames.contains(name)) {         // 省略代码     }      if (this.propertySourceNames.isEmpty()) {         propertySources.addLast(propertySource);     }     else {         String lastAdded = this.propertySourceNames.get(this.propertySourceNames.size() - 1);         // 添加到 propertySources 中         propertySources.addBefore(lastAdded, propertySource);     }     this.propertySourceNames.add(name); } 

AbstractApplicationContext 中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization() 方法中,会先判断是否有注册 EmbeddedValueResolver,如果没有再注册,如果有的话就不注册了,这里和 PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer 联动起来了。代码如下:

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {     // Register a default embedded value resolver if no BeanFactoryPostProcessor     // (such as a PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:     // at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.     if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {         beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));     }          // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.     beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(); } 

PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer

PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer 实现了 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 接口,它的 postProcessBeanFactory() 方法中,首先以 environment 对象构建一个 PropertySource 对象,添加到 propertySources 中;然后根据它自己配置的 location (即前面在xml中配置的)构建一个 PropertySource 对象,添加到 propertySources 中,默认添加在尾部,这个对于解释场景四很重要。最后基于 propertySources 构建了一个 ConfigurablePropertyResolver 对象去调用 processProperties() 方法。

public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {     if (this.propertySources == null) {         this.propertySources = new MutablePropertySources();         if (this.environment != null) {             PropertyResolver propertyResolver = this.environment;             // If the ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders flag is set to true, we have to create a             // local PropertyResolver to enforce that setting, since the Environment is most             // likely not configured with ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders set to true.             // See https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/27947             if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders &&                     (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment configurableEnvironment)) {                 PropertySourcesPropertyResolver resolver =                         new PropertySourcesPropertyResolver(configurableEnvironment.getPropertySources());                 resolver.setIgnoreUnresolvableNestedPlaceholders(true);                 propertyResolver = resolver;             }             // 将environment构建为一个PropertySource对象             PropertyResolver propertyResolverToUse = propertyResolver;             this.propertySources.addLast(                 new PropertySource<>(ENVIRONMENT_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, this.environment) {                     @Override                     @Nullable                     public String getProperty(String key) {                         return propertyResolverToUse.getProperty(key);                     }                 }             );         }         try {             PropertySource<?> localPropertySource =                     new PropertiesPropertySource(LOCAL_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, mergeProperties());             if (this.localOverride) {                 this.propertySources.addFirst(localPropertySource);             }             else { // 默认情况下是将配置加入到最后                 this.propertySources.addLast(localPropertySource);             }         }         catch (IOException ex) {             throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);         }     }      processProperties(beanFactory, createPropertyResolver(this.propertySources));     this.appliedPropertySources = this.propertySources; } 

processProperties() 方法中通过 ConfigurablePropertyResolver 对象又构造了一个 StringValueResolver 对象,然后调用了 doProcessProperties() 方法。代码如下:

protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess,     final ConfigurablePropertyResolver propertyResolver) throws BeansException { 	propertyResolver.setPlaceholderPrefix(this.placeholderPrefix); 	propertyResolver.setPlaceholderSuffix(this.placeholderSuffix); 	propertyResolver.setValueSeparator(this.valueSeparator); 	propertyResolver.setEscapeCharacter(this.escapeCharacter);  	// 构造了一个StringValueResolver对象 	StringValueResolver valueResolver = strVal -> { 		String resolved = (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders ? 				propertyResolver.resolvePlaceholders(strVal) : 				propertyResolver.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(strVal)); 		if (this.trimValues) { 			resolved = resolved.trim(); 		} 		return (resolved.equals(this.nullValue) ? null : resolved); 	};  	doProcessProperties(beanFactoryToProcess, valueResolver); } 

doProcessProperties() 方法中又通过 StringValueResolver 对象构造了一个 BeanDefinitionVisitor 对象,然后调用它的 visitBeanDefinition() 实现了对 Bean 定义中属性引用的解析。然后调用 BeanFactoryaddEmbeddedValueResolver() 方法把 StringValueResolver 对象设置给了 BeanFactory这里就和前面的AbstractApplicationContext 中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization() 方法呼应起来了,这里设置了值,那边就不设置了,这里没有设置,那边就会设置

protected void doProcessProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess,     StringValueResolver valueResolver) {     // 构造BeanDefinitionVisitor对象     BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);      String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();     for (String curName : beanNames) {         // Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,         // to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.         if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {             BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);             try {                 // 对Bean定义中引用的配置进行解析                 visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);             }             catch (Exception ex) {                 throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage(), ex);             }         }     }      // Resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.     beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);      // Resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.     // 添加到BeanFactory中     beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver); } 

在之前的文章Spring 中 @Value 注解实现原理中介绍了在 DefaultListableBeanFactory 的 resolveEmbeddedValue() 方法中实现了对 @Value 注解的解析,这里实际上就是调用的上面设置的 StringValueResolver 对象的 resolveStringValue() 方法来实现的。

public String resolveEmbeddedValue(@Nullable String value) {     if (value == null) {         return null;     }     String result = value;     for (StringValueResolver resolver : this.embeddedValueResolvers) {         result = resolver.resolveStringValue(result);         if (result == null) {             return null;         }     }     return result; } 

案例解答

对于案例二: 在解析 Bean 定义的时候会把所有 @PropertySource 注解定义配置文件解析到 Environment 集中保存起来,然后在解析 @Value 注解值的时候统一从这个集中的地方去查找。因此只需要有一个类通过 @PropertySource 注解引用这个配置即可。

对于案例三: 实际上是依赖实现了 BeanFactoryPostProcessor 接口,它的 postProcessBeanFactory() 方法中实现了在 Bean 真正创建之前,对 Bean 定义中引用属性的解析。

对于案例四: 在默认的情况下解析依赖的配置文件是所有 @PropertySource 引用的配置文件加上 PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurerlocation 属性引用的配置文件,且 @PropertySource 引用的配置文件在它的 location 属性引用的配置文件前面,查找的时候是按照顺序查找的。@PropertySource 引用的配置文件中定义了相同的 key,则直接会获取值返回,不会再继续往后查找了,所以就出现了案例四中 hello.properties 配置文件中的相同配置项覆盖了 testBean.properties 配置文件中的配置项。t

同时 Spring 提供了一个配置项 local-override,当设置为 true 时,才会使用testBean.properties 配置覆盖hello.properties 配置。覆盖的原理就是把配置加到最前面。代码如下:

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:testBean.properties" local-override="true" /> 
try { 	PropertySource<?> localPropertySource = 			new PropertiesPropertySource(LOCAL_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, mergeProperties()); 	if (this.localOverride) { // 设置为true的时候将配置加入到最前面 		this.propertySources.addFirst(localPropertySource); 	} 	else { // 默认情况下是将配置加入到最后 		this.propertySources.addLast(localPropertySource); 	} } catch (IOException ex) { 	throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex); } 

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