SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
1.基本介绍
- 考虑到实际开发业务非常复杂和兼容问题,SpringBoot支持将Servlet、Filter、Listener注入spring容器中,成为Spring Bean
- 也就是说,SpringBoot开放了和原生WEB组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)的兼容
- SpringBoot注入Servlet、Filter、Listener,有两种方式:
- 通过注解方式注入
- 使用RegistrationBean方式注入
2.通过注解方式注入
2.1@WebServlet
属性名 | 对应标签 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
name | <servlet-name> |
指定 Servlet 的 name 属性。 如果没有显式指定,则取值为该 Servlet 的完全限定名,即包名+类名 |
value | <url-pattern> |
该属性等价于 urlPatterns 属性,两者不能同时指定。 如果同时指定,通常是忽略 value 的取值 |
urlPatterns | <url-pattern> |
指定一组 Servlet 的 URL 匹配模式 |
loadOnStartup | <load-on-startup> |
指定 Servlet 的加载顺序 |
initParams | <init-param> |
指定一组 Servlet 初始化参数 |
asyncSupported | <async-supported> |
声明 Servlet 是否支持异步操作模式 |
description | <description> |
指定该 Servlet 的描述信息 |
displayName | <display-name> |
指定该 Servlet 的显示名 |
例子--使用@WebServlet注入Servlet
(1)MyServlet.java
-
通过继承HttpServlet来开发原生的Servlet
-
使用@WebServlet,表示将其标识的对象注入到Spring容器中
-
urlPatterns = {"servlet01","servlet02"} 对此servlet配置了映射路径
-
对于开发的原生的Servlet,需要使用@ServletComponentScan在SpringBoot主程序中,指定要扫描的原生Servlet,这样该Servlet才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 */ @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/servlet01", "/servlet02"}) public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.getWriter().write("Hello,MyServlet!"); } }
(2)Application.java主程序
package com.li.thymeleaf; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 */ //指定扫描Servlet @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args); } }
(3)浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/servlet01
获者 http://localhost:8080/servlet02
,返回如下:
注意:注入的Servlet不会被SpringBoot的拦截器拦截(因为原生Servlet和前端控制器DispatcherServlet是统一级别的,而拦截器在DispatcherServlet中)
2.2@WebFilter
属性名 | 说 明 |
---|---|
description | 该过滤器的描述信息,等价于 <description> 标签。 |
displayName | 该过滤器的显示名,通常配合工具使用,等价于 <display-name> 标签 |
initParams | 指定一组过滤器初始化参数,等价于 <init-param> 标签。 |
filterName | 指定过滤器的 name 属性,等价于 <filter-name> |
servletNames | 指定过滤器将应用于哪些 Servlet。取值是 @WebServlet 中的 name 属性的取值,或者是 web.xml 中 <servlet-name> 的取值 |
value/urlPatterns | 过滤器的 URL 匹配模式,等价于<url-pattern> 标签 |
dispatcherTypes | 指定过滤器的转发模式。具体取值包括: ASYNC、ERROR、FORWARD、INCLUDE、REQUEST。 |
asyncSupported | 声明过滤器是否支持异步操作模式, 等价于<async-supported> 标签 |
例子--使用@WebFilter注入Filter
-
@WebFilter标识一个过滤器,并注入spring容器
-
urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}
表示请求/css/目录或者/images/目录下的资源时,请求会经过这个过滤器 -
需要在主程序中,指定要扫描的Filter,这样该Filter才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.filter; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 * 开发Filter并注入spring容器 */ @Slf4j @WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}) public class MyFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { log.info("MyFilter的init()方法被执行..."); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { log.info("MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行..."); HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; log.info("过滤器处理的uri={}", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI()); chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行 } @Override public void destroy() { log.info("MyFilter的destroy()方法被执行..."); } }
(2)在主程序中配置扫描该过滤器(略)
(3)在浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/images/login.jpg
,后台输出:
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行... 2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : 过滤器处理的uri=/images/login.jpg
有时候后台没有输出,可能是浏览器缓存问题
2.3@WebListener
(1)MyListener.java
package com.li.thymeleaf.listener; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 */ @Slf4j @WebListener public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener { @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { //可以加入项目初始化相关的业务 log.info("MyListener-contextInitialized()-项目初始化OK~"); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { //可以加入业务 log.info("MyListener-contextDestroyed()-项目初销毁..."); } }
(2)在主程序 Application.java配置扫描该监听器
package com.li.thymeleaf; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 */ //指定扫描监听器 @ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc = SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); //监听器的contextDestroyed()方法在容器销毁时触发 ioc.stop(); } }
(3)启动项目,控制台输出:
3.使用RegistrationBean方式注入
RegistrationConfig.java:
package com.li.thymeleaf.config; import com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter; import com.li.thymeleaf.listener.MyListener; import com.li.thymeleaf.servlet.MyServlet; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import java.util.Arrays; /** * @author 李 * @version 1.0 * RegistrationConfig是一个配置类, * 默认为单实例模式 proxyBeanMethods=true */ @Configuration public class RegistrationConfig { //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Servlet @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean servlet_() { MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet(); //将myServlet关联到ServletRegistrationBean对象 //可以指定多个映射url return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet, "/servlet01", "/servlet02"); } //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Filter @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean filter_() { MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();//创建原生的Filter对象 FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter); //设置filter的urlPattern filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/css/*", "/images/*")); return filterRegistrationBean; } //使用RegistrationBean方式注入Listener @Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listener_() { MyListener myListener = new MyListener();//创建原生的Listener对象 return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(myListener); } }
使用RegistrationBean的方式注入,不必在主程序Application.java中配置扫描
运行程序,可以看到三个组件都被注入到容器中:
4.注意事项和细节
4.1请求自定义Servlet时,为什么不会到达拦截器?
原因分析:
注入的Servlet会存在Spring容器,DispatcherServlet也存在Spring容器。当多个Servlet都能处理到同一层路径时,存在精确优先原则/最长前缀匹配原则:**精准匹配 > 目录匹配 > 扩展名匹配 > /* > / **
如下图:当浏览器请求路径为/servlet01
时,MyServlet的映射路径对与浏览器请求来说是精准匹配,因此此时MyServlet的映射路径优先级高于前端控制器的 /
,请求路径会走tomcat流程,不会到达前端控制器,也就不会执行拦截器。
当然,在SpringBoot中,去调用@Controller目标方法,仍是按照DispatcherServlet分发匹配的机制
4.2DispatcherServlet在SpringBoot如何进行配置和注入
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 完成对 DispatcherServlet 的自动配置。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 类,有一个内部类:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class) @ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration { @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) //创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并进行一系列设置并返回。 public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) { DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(); dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest()); dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest()); dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound()); dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents()); dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails()); return dispatcherServlet; } @Bean @ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) { // Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly return resolver; } }
然后通过如下方法,创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象,并将创建的DispatcherServlet对象关联到这个DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象中,将DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象通过@Bean注入到容器中。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class) @ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) @Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class) protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration { @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) { DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());//设置路径 / registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig); return registration; } }