驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

在笔者之前的文章《驱动开发:内核特征码搜索函数封装》中我们封装实现了特征码定位功能,本章将继续使用该功能,本次我们需要枚举内核LoadImage映像回调,在Win64环境下我们可以设置一个LoadImage映像加载通告回调,当有新驱动或者DLL被加载时,回调函数就会被调用从而执行我们自己的回调例程,映像回调也存储在数组里,枚举时从数组中读取值之后,需要进行位运算解密得到地址。

我们来看一款闭源ARK工具是如何实现的:

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

如上所述,如果我们需要拿到回调数组那么首先要得到该数组,数组的符号名是PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine我们可以在PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx中找到。

第一步使用WinDBG输入uf PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx首先定位到,能够找到PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx这里的两个位置都可以被引用,当然了这个函数可以直接通过PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx函数动态拿到此处不需要我们动态定位。

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

我们通过获取到PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx函数的内存首地址,然后向下匹配特征码搜索找到488d0d88e8dbff并取出PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine内存地址,该内存地址就是LoadImage映像模块的基址。

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

如果使用代码去定位这段空间,则你可以这样写,这样即可得到具体特征地址。

// 署名权 // right to sign one's name on a piece of work // PowerBy: LyShark // Email: me@lyshark.com  #include <ntddk.h> #include <windef.h>  // 指定内存区域的特征码扫描 PVOID SearchMemory(PVOID pStartAddress, PVOID pEndAddress, PUCHAR pMemoryData, ULONG ulMemoryDataSize) { 	PVOID pAddress = NULL; 	PUCHAR i = NULL; 	ULONG m = 0;  	// 扫描内存 	for (i = (PUCHAR)pStartAddress; i < (PUCHAR)pEndAddress; i++) 	{ 		// 判断特征码 		for (m = 0; m < ulMemoryDataSize; m++) 		{ 			if (*(PUCHAR)(i + m) != pMemoryData[m]) 			{ 				break; 			} 		} 		// 判断是否找到符合特征码的地址 		if (m >= ulMemoryDataSize) 		{ 			// 找到特征码位置, 获取紧接着特征码的下一地址 			pAddress = (PVOID)(i + ulMemoryDataSize); 			break; 		} 	}  	return pAddress; }  // 根据特征码获取 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine 数组地址 PVOID SearchPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine(PUCHAR pSpecialData, ULONG ulSpecialDataSize) { 	UNICODE_STRING ustrFuncName; 	PVOID pAddress = NULL; 	LONG lOffset = 0; 	PVOID pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine = NULL; 	PVOID pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = NULL;  	// 先获取 PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx 函数地址 	RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrFuncName, L"PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx"); 	pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine = MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&ustrFuncName); 	if (NULL == pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine) 	{ 		return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; 	}  	// 查找 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine  函数地址 	pAddress = SearchMemory(pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine, (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine + 0xFF), pSpecialData, ulSpecialDataSize); 	if (NULL == pAddress) 	{ 		return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; 	}  	// 先获取偏移, 再计算地址 	lOffset = *(PLONG)pAddress; 	pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pAddress + sizeof(LONG) + lOffset);  	return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; }  VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver) { }  NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath) { 	DbgPrint("hello lyshark.com n");  	PVOID pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress = NULL; 	RTL_OSVERSIONINFOW osInfo = { 0 }; 	UCHAR pSpecialData[50] = { 0 }; 	ULONG ulSpecialDataSize = 0;  	// 获取系统版本信息, 判断系统版本 	RtlGetVersion(&osInfo); 	if (10 == osInfo.dwMajorVersion) 	{ 		// 48 8d 0d 88 e8 db ff 		// 查找指令 lea rcx,[nt!PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine (fffff804`44313ce0)] 		/* 		nt!PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx+0x41: 		fffff801`80748a81 488d0dd8d3dbff  lea     rcx,[nt!PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine (fffff801`80505e60)] 		fffff801`80748a88 4533c0          xor     r8d,r8d 		fffff801`80748a8b 488d0cd9        lea     rcx,[rcx+rbx*8] 		fffff801`80748a8f 488bd7          mov     rdx,rdi 		fffff801`80748a92 e80584a3ff      call    nt!ExCompareExchangeCallBack (fffff801`80180e9c) 		fffff801`80748a97 84c0            test    al,al 		fffff801`80748a99 0f849f000000    je      nt!PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx+0xfe (fffff801`80748b3e)  Branch 		*/ 		pSpecialData[0] = 0x48; 		pSpecialData[1] = 0x8D; 		pSpecialData[2] = 0x0D; 		ulSpecialDataSize = 3; 	}  	// 根据特征码获取地址 获取 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine 数组地址 	pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress = SearchPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine(pSpecialData, ulSpecialDataSize); 	DbgPrint("[LyShark] PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = 0x%p n", pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress);  	Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver; 	return STATUS_SUCCESS; } 

将这个驱动拖入到虚拟机中并运行,输出结果如下:

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

有了数组地址接下来就是要对数组进行解密,如何解密?

  • 1.首先拿到数组指针pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress + sizeof(PVOID) * i此处的i也就是下标。
  • 2.得到的新地址在与pNotifyRoutineAddress & 0xfffffffffffffff8进行与运算。
  • 3.最后*(PVOID *)pNotifyRoutineAddress取出里面的参数。

增加解密代码以后,这段程序的完整代码也就可以被写出来了,如下所示。

// 署名权 // right to sign one's name on a piece of work // PowerBy: LyShark // Email: me@lyshark.com  #include <ntddk.h> #include <windef.h>  // 指定内存区域的特征码扫描 PVOID SearchMemory(PVOID pStartAddress, PVOID pEndAddress, PUCHAR pMemoryData, ULONG ulMemoryDataSize) { 	PVOID pAddress = NULL; 	PUCHAR i = NULL; 	ULONG m = 0;  	// 扫描内存 	for (i = (PUCHAR)pStartAddress; i < (PUCHAR)pEndAddress; i++) 	{ 		// 判断特征码 		for (m = 0; m < ulMemoryDataSize; m++) 		{ 			if (*(PUCHAR)(i + m) != pMemoryData[m]) 			{ 				break; 			} 		} 		// 判断是否找到符合特征码的地址 		if (m >= ulMemoryDataSize) 		{ 			// 找到特征码位置, 获取紧接着特征码的下一地址 			pAddress = (PVOID)(i + ulMemoryDataSize); 			break; 		} 	}  	return pAddress; }  // 根据特征码获取 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine 数组地址 PVOID SearchPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine(PUCHAR pSpecialData, ULONG ulSpecialDataSize) { 	UNICODE_STRING ustrFuncName; 	PVOID pAddress = NULL; 	LONG lOffset = 0; 	PVOID pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine = NULL; 	PVOID pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = NULL;  	// 先获取 PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx 函数地址 	RtlInitUnicodeString(&ustrFuncName, L"PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx"); 	pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine = MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&ustrFuncName); 	if (NULL == pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine) 	{ 		return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; 	}  	// 查找 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine  函数地址 	pAddress = SearchMemory(pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine, (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine + 0xFF), pSpecialData, ulSpecialDataSize); 	if (NULL == pAddress) 	{ 		return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; 	}  	// 先获取偏移, 再计算地址 	lOffset = *(PLONG)pAddress; 	pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pAddress + sizeof(LONG) + lOffset);  	return pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine; }  VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver) { }  NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath) { 	DbgPrint("hello lyshark.com n");  	PVOID pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress = NULL; 	RTL_OSVERSIONINFOW osInfo = { 0 }; 	UCHAR pSpecialData[50] = { 0 }; 	ULONG ulSpecialDataSize = 0;  	// 获取系统版本信息, 判断系统版本 	RtlGetVersion(&osInfo); 	if (10 == osInfo.dwMajorVersion) 	{ 		// 48 8d 0d 88 e8 db ff 		// 查找指令 lea rcx,[nt!PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine (fffff804`44313ce0)] 		/* 		nt!PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx+0x41: 		fffff801`80748a81 488d0dd8d3dbff  lea     rcx,[nt!PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine (fffff801`80505e60)] 		fffff801`80748a88 4533c0          xor     r8d,r8d 		fffff801`80748a8b 488d0cd9        lea     rcx,[rcx+rbx*8] 		fffff801`80748a8f 488bd7          mov     rdx,rdi 		fffff801`80748a92 e80584a3ff      call    nt!ExCompareExchangeCallBack (fffff801`80180e9c) 		fffff801`80748a97 84c0            test    al,al 		fffff801`80748a99 0f849f000000    je      nt!PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutineEx+0xfe (fffff801`80748b3e)  Branch 		*/ 		pSpecialData[0] = 0x48; 		pSpecialData[1] = 0x8D; 		pSpecialData[2] = 0x0D; 		ulSpecialDataSize = 3; 	}  	// 根据特征码获取地址 获取 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine 数组地址 	pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress = SearchPspLoadImageNotifyRoutine(pSpecialData, ulSpecialDataSize); 	DbgPrint("[LyShark] PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine = 0x%p n", pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress);  	// 遍历回调 	ULONG i = 0; 	PVOID pNotifyRoutineAddress = NULL;  	// 获取 PspLoadImageNotifyRoutine 数组地址 	if (NULL == pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress) 	{ 		return FALSE; 	}  	// 获取回调地址并解密 	for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) 	{ 		pNotifyRoutineAddress = *(PVOID *)((PUCHAR)pPspLoadImageNotifyRoutineAddress + sizeof(PVOID) * i); 		pNotifyRoutineAddress = (PVOID)((ULONG64)pNotifyRoutineAddress & 0xfffffffffffffff8); 		if (MmIsAddressValid(pNotifyRoutineAddress)) 		{ 			pNotifyRoutineAddress = *(PVOID *)pNotifyRoutineAddress; 			DbgPrint("[LyShark] 序号: %d | 回调地址: 0x%p n", i, pNotifyRoutineAddress); 		} 	}  	Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver; 	return STATUS_SUCCESS; } 

运行这段完整的程序代码,输出如下效果:

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

目前系统中只有两个回调,所以枚举出来的只有两条,打开ARK验证一下会发现完全正确,忽略pyark这是后期打开的。

驱动开发:内核枚举LoadImage映像回调

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