Spring Boot4先行篇：第一篇 Spring Boot 创建 Docker 镜像

日期	更新说明
2025年11月8日	初版发布

前言

Spring Boot4预计年底 11 月份发布，目前截止文章发布已经发布到了4.0.0 RC2版本；本文作为Spring Boo4专题学习预览篇，带你一起聊聊 Spring Boot4打包Docker镜像相关内容。

前置准备

1. 需要搭建或者准备好 Spring Boot 项目，手动推荐搭建：https://start.spring.io/

笔者的 Spring Boot 项目 Github 链接：https://github.com/will-we/blog/tree/main/java/springboot4-samples

2. 搭建docker环境

传统 Docker 构建

1. Dockerfile内容如下

ARG RUNTIME_IMAGE=amazoncorretto:17.0.7-alpine FROM ${RUNTIME_IMAGE} AS runtime  # 拷贝打包后的可执行 JAR COPY ./springboot4-samples-0.0.1.jar /app/app.jar WORKDIR /app  # Spring Boot 默认端口 EXPOSE 8080  # 可通过环境变量调整运行参数/激活配置文件 ENV SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=default      JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS=""  # 直接运行可执行 JAR ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/app/app.jar"] 

2. 手动构建镜像：

 docker build -t springboot4-samples:latest . 

如下图：

3. 启动镜像

docker run -p 8080:8080 springboot4-samples 

日志如下：

SpringBoot插件构建

mvn spring-boot:build-image 

构建日志如下：

[INFO] Replacing main artifact D:SpaceGitghwill-weblogjavaspringboot4-samplestargetspringboot4-samples-0.0.1.jar with repackaged archive, adding nested dependencies in BOOT-INF/. [INFO] The original artifact has been renamed to D:SpaceGitghwill-weblogjavaspringboot4-samplestargetspringboot4-samples-0.0.1.jar.original [INFO]  [INFO] <<< spring-boot:4.0.0-SNAPSHOT:build-image (default-cli) < package @ springboot4-samples <<< [INFO]  [INFO]  [INFO] --- spring-boot:4.0.0-SNAPSHOT:build-image (default-cli) @ springboot4-samples --- [INFO] Building image 'docker.io/library/springboot4-samples:0.0.1' [INFO]  [INFO]  > Pulling builder image 'docker.io/paketobuildpacks/builder-noble-java-tiny:latest' 100% [INFO]  > Pulled builder image 'paketobuildpacks/builder-noble-java-tiny@sha256:cc76fed86425b3335e4defaaf87ff28207b0fa9ba56807ec800f62d42cb3543a' [INFO]  > Pulling run image 'docker.io/paketobuildpacks/ubuntu-noble-run-tiny:0.0.38' for platform 'linux/amd64' 100% [INFO]  > Pulled run image 'paketobuildpacks/ubuntu-noble-run-tiny@sha256:fff1b886c0e466792b5fabd716c078f061ae1d95d187b53074803d8a99533908' [INFO]  > Executing lifecycle version v0.20.17 [INFO]  > Using build cache volume 'pack-cache-4e8131ef3603.build' [INFO]  [INFO]  > Running creator [INFO]     [creator]     ===> ANALYZING [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring data for SBOM from previous image [INFO]     [creator]     ===> DETECTING [INFO]     [creator]     target distro name/version labels not found, reading /etc/os-release file [INFO]     [creator]     6 of 26 buildpacks participating [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates   3.10.4 [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica 11.4.1 [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/syft              2.23.0 [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar    6.13.3 [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/dist-zip          5.10.3 [INFO]     [creator]     paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot       5.33.4 [INFO]     [creator]     ===> RESTORING [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates:helper" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:java-security-properties" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:jre" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:helper" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/syft:syft" from cache [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:helper" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring metadata for "paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:web-application-type" from app image [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring data for "paketo-buildpacks/syft:syft" from cache [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring data for "paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings" from cache [INFO]     [creator]     Restoring data for SBOM from cache [INFO]     [creator]     ===> BUILDING [INFO]     [creator]     target distro name/version labels not found, reading /etc/os-release file [INFO]     [creator]      [INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for CA Certificates 3.10.4 [INFO]     [creator]       https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates [INFO]     [creator]       Build Configuration: [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_EMBED_CERTS                    false  Embed certificates into the image [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_ENABLE_RUNTIME_CERT_BINDING    true   Deprecated: Enable/disable certificate helper layer to add certs at runtime [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_RUNTIME_CERT_BINDING_DISABLED  false  Disable certificate helper layer to add certs at runtime [INFO]     [creator]       Launch Helper: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]      [INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for BellSoft Liberica 11.4.1 [INFO]     [creator]       https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica [INFO]     [creator]       Build Configuration: [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_JVM_JLINK_ARGS           --no-man-pages --no-header-files --strip-debug --compress=1  configure custom link arguments (--output must be omitted) [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_JVM_JLINK_ENABLED        false                                                        enables running jlink tool to generate custom JRE [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_JVM_TYPE                 JRE                                                          the JVM type - JDK or JRE [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_JVM_VERSION              21                                                           the Java version [INFO]     [creator]       Launch Configuration: [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_DEBUG_ENABLED           false                                                        enables Java remote debugging support [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_DEBUG_PORT              8000                                                         configure the remote debugging port [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_DEBUG_SUSPEND           false                                                        configure whether to suspend execution until a debugger has attached [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_HEAP_DUMP_PATH                                                                       write heap dumps on error to this path [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JAVA_NMT_ENABLED        true                                                         enables Java Native Memory Tracking (NMT) [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JAVA_NMT_LEVEL          summary                                                      configure level of NMT, summary or detail [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JFR_ARGS                                                                             configure custom Java Flight Recording (JFR) arguments [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JFR_ENABLED             false                                                        enables Java Flight Recording (JFR) [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JMX_ENABLED             false                                                        enables Java Management Extensions (JMX) [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JMX_PORT                5000                                                         configure the JMX port [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JVM_HEAD_ROOM           0                                                            the headroom in memory calculation [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JVM_LOADED_CLASS_COUNT  35% of classes                                               the number of loaded classes in memory calculation [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JVM_THREAD_COUNT        250                                                          the number of threads in memory calculation [INFO]     [creator]         $JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS                                                                        the JVM launch flags [INFO]     [creator]         Using Java version 17 extracted from MANIFEST.MF [INFO]     [creator]       BellSoft Liberica JRE 17.0.17: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]       Launch Helper: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]       Java Security Properties: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]      [INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for Syft 2.23.0 [INFO]     [creator]       https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/syft [INFO]     [creator]      [INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for Executable JAR 6.13.3 [INFO]     [creator]       https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar [INFO]     [creator]       Class Path: Contributing to layer [INFO]     [creator]         Writing env/CLASSPATH.delim [INFO]     [creator]         Writing env/CLASSPATH.prepend [INFO]     [creator]       Process types: [INFO]     [creator]         executable-jar: java org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher (direct) [INFO]     [creator]         task:           java org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher (direct) [INFO]     [creator]         web:            java org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher (direct) [INFO]     [creator]      [INFO]     [creator]     Paketo Buildpack for Spring Boot 5.33.4 [INFO]     [creator]       https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot [INFO]     [creator]       Build Configuration: [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_JVM_CDS_ENABLED                 false  whether to enable CDS optimizations at runtime [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_SPRING_AOT_ENABLED              false  whether to enable Spring AOT at runtime [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_JVM_CDS_ENABLED                  false  whether to enable CDS & perform JVM training run [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_SPRING_AOT_ENABLED               false  whether to enable Spring AOT [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_DISABLED   false  whether to contribute Spring Boot cloud bindings support [INFO]     [creator]         $BP_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_VERSION    1      default version of Spring Cloud Bindings library to contribute [INFO]     [creator]       Launch Configuration: [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_DISABLED  false  whether to auto-configure Spring Boot environment properties from bindings [INFO]     [creator]         $BPL_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_ENABLED   true   Deprecated - whether to auto-configure Spring Boot environment properties from bindings [INFO]     [creator]       Creating slices from layers index [INFO]     [creator]         dependencies (17.3 MB) [INFO]     [creator]         spring-boot-loader (457.5 KB) [INFO]     [creator]         snapshot-dependencies (3.2 MB) [INFO]     [creator]         application (111.2 KB) [INFO]     [creator]       Spring Cloud Bindings 2.0.4: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]       Web Application Type: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]       Launch Helper: Reusing cached layer [INFO]     [creator]       4 application slices [INFO]     [creator]       Image labels: [INFO]     [creator]         org.opencontainers.image.title [INFO]     [creator]         org.opencontainers.image.version [INFO]     [creator]         org.springframework.boot.version [INFO]     [creator]     ===> EXPORTING [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates:helper' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:helper' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:java-security-properties' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:jre' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar:classpath' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:helper' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:web-application-type' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:launch.sbom' [INFO]     [creator]     Reused 5/5 app layer(s) [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:launcher' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:config' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:process-types' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'io.buildpacks.lifecycle.metadata' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'io.buildpacks.build.metadata' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'io.buildpacks.project.metadata' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'org.opencontainers.image.title' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'org.opencontainers.image.version' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding label 'org.springframework.boot.version' [INFO]     [creator]     Setting default process type 'web' [INFO]     [creator]     Saving docker.io/library/springboot4-samples:0.0.1... [INFO]     [creator]     *** Images (f85eff5507fe): [INFO]     [creator]           docker.io/library/springboot4-samples:0.0.1 [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/syft:syft' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/syft:syft' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings' [INFO]     [creator]     Reusing cache layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:cache.sbom' [INFO]     [creator]     Adding cache layer 'buildpacksio/lifecycle:cache.sbom' [INFO]  [INFO] Successfully built image 'docker.io/library/springboot4-samples:0.0.1' [INFO]  [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time:  01:19 min [INFO] Finished at: 2025-11-08T10:20:16+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

查看下本地镜像

构建对比分析

SpringBoot 插件构建

实际上发生的事情：

1. 打包应用（Jar/War）

• • 先执行 package 阶段，生成一个可执行的 fat jar。

2. 调用 Cloud Native Buildpacks（CNB）

• • Spring Boot Plugin 内部调用 Paketo Buildpacks（官方推荐）。

3. 构建镜像（通过 lifecycle）

• • 使用 CNB 的 Lifecycle 阶段：detect → analyze → build → export。

4. 生成 OCI 镜像

• • 输出一个可直接运行的 Docker 镜像（通常是 docker.io/library/<artifactId>:<version>）。

5. 推送（可选）

• • 若配置了 publish=true，则自动推送到远程镜像仓库。

阶段分析

阶段	作用
Detect	检测是否有合适的 buildpack 来构建该项目（Spring Boot → Java buildpack）
Analyze	分析缓存、上一次构建产物
Build	运行 buildpacks 构建层（JDK层、依赖层、应用层）
Export	导出成最终 OCI 镜像（可直接 docker run）

对比项	Buildpacks	Dockerfile
构建语言	声明式、自动检测	命令式、需人工编写
优化	自动层缓存、分层优化	手动优化层
安全性	由社区维护的基础镜像	需要自己维护
适合场景	Spring Boot / Cloud Native 架构	需要复杂构建逻辑的项目

Docker 镜像推送

推送阿里云镜像仓库

docker tag springboot4-samples:0.0.1 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/weirson/springboot4-samples:0.0.1 docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/weirson/springboot4-samples:0.0.1 

推送 Docker 镜像仓库

docker tag springboot4-samples:0.0.1 weirson/springboot4-samples:0.0.1 docker push weirson/springboot4-samples:0.0.1