聊一聊 .NET 的 AssemblyLoadContext 可插拔程序集

一:背景

1. 讲故事

最近在分析一个崩溃dump时,发现祸首和AssemblyLoadContext有关,说实话这东西我也比较陌生,后来查了下大模型,它主要奔着替代 .NetFrameWork 时代的 AppDomain 的,都是用来做晚期加卸载,实现对宿主程序的可插拔,AppDomain.Create 是在AppDomain级别上,后者是在 Assembly 级别上。

二:Assembly 插拔分析

1. 一个简单的案例

简单来说这东西可以实现 Assembly 的可插拔,这个小案例有三个基本元素。

  1. IPlugin 组件接口

这块比较简单,新建一个类库,里面主要就是组件需要实现的接口。

 namespace MyClassLibrary.Interfaces {     public interface IPlugin     {         string Name { get; }         string Version { get; }         void Execute();         string GetResult();     } }  
  1. SamplePlugin 组件实现

新建一个组件,完成这些接口方法的实现。

     public class SamplePlugin : IPlugin     {         public string Name => "Sample Plugin";         public string Version => "1.0.0";          public void Execute()         {             Console.WriteLine("SamplePlugin is executing...");         }          public string GetResult()         {             return "Hello from SamplePlugin!";         }     }  
  1. 自定义的 CustomAssemblyLoadContext 上下文

最后就是在调用处自定义下 AssemblyLoadContext 以及简单调用,参考代码如下:

 namespace Example_1_6 {     internal class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             Console.WriteLine("=== 插件系统启动 ===");              // 设置插件目录             string pluginsPath = @"D:sourceswoodpeckerTestMyClassLibrarybinDebugnet8.0";              Console.WriteLine($"插件路径: {pluginsPath}");              var dllFile = Directory.GetFiles(pluginsPath, "MyClassLibrary.dll").FirstOrDefault();              var _loadContext = new CustomAssemblyLoadContext("MyPluginContext", pluginsPath);              var assembly = _loadContext.LoadAssembly(dllFile);              var type = assembly.GetType("MyClassLibrary.SamplePlugin");              IPlugin plugin = (IPlugin)Activator.CreateInstance(type);              Console.WriteLine($"- {plugin.Name} v{plugin.Version}");              Console.WriteLine($"n执行插件: {plugin.Name} v{plugin.Version}");             plugin.Execute();             string result = plugin.GetResult();             Console.WriteLine($"插件返回: {result}");              Console.ReadKey();         }     }      public class CustomAssemblyLoadContext : AssemblyLoadContext     {         private readonly string _dependenciesPath;          public CustomAssemblyLoadContext(string name, string dependenciesPath)             : base(name, isCollectible: true)         {             _dependenciesPath = dependenciesPath;         }          public Assembly LoadAssembly(string assemblyPath)         {             return LoadFromAssemblyPath(assemblyPath);         }          public new void Unload()         {             base.Unload();         }     } }  

将代码运行起来,可以看到插件代码得到执行。

聊一聊 .NET 的 AssemblyLoadContext 可插拔程序集

2. 组件已经插上了吗

plugin中的方法都已经执行了,那 MyClassLibrary.dll 自然就插上去了,接下来如何验证呢?可以使用 windbg 的 !dumpdomain 命令即可。

 0:015> !dumpdomain -------------------------------------- System Domain:      00007ff8e9d4b150 LowFrequencyHeap:   00007FF8E9D4B628 HighFrequencyHeap:  00007FF8E9D4B6B8 StubHeap:           00007FF8E9D4B748 Stage:              OPEN Name:               None -------------------------------------- Domain 1:           00000211d617dc80 LowFrequencyHeap:   00007FF8E9D4B628 HighFrequencyHeap:  00007FF8E9D4B6B8 StubHeap:           00007FF8E9D4B748 Stage:              OPEN Name:               clrhost Assembly:           00000211d613e560 [C:Program FilesdotnetsharedMicrosoft.NETCore.App8.0.16System.Private.CoreLib.dll] ClassLoader:        00000211D613E5F0   Module   00007ff889d54000    C:Program FilesdotnetsharedMicrosoft.NETCore.App8.0.16System.Private.CoreLib.dll  ...  Assembly:           000002118052b0d0 [D:sourceswoodpeckerTestMyClassLibrarybinDebugnet8.0MyClassLibrary.dll] ClassLoader:        000002118052B160   Module   00007ff88a11c060    D:sourceswoodpeckerTestMyClassLibrarybinDebugnet8.0MyClassLibrary.dll  

从卦中可以清晰的看到 MyClassLibrary.dll 已经成功的送入。

3. 组件如何卸载掉

能不能卸载掉,其实取决于你在 new AssemblyLoadContext() 时塞入的 isCollectible 字段决定的,如果为true就是一个可卸载的程序集,参考代码如下:

         public CustomAssemblyLoadContext(string name, string dependenciesPath)             : base(name, isCollectible: true)         {             _dependenciesPath = dependenciesPath;         }  

其次要知道的是卸载程序集是一个异步操作,不要以为调用了 UnLoad() 就会立即卸载,它只是起到了一个标记删除的作用,只有程序集中的实例无引用根了,即垃圾对象的时候,再后续由 GC 来实现卸载。

这一块我们可以写段代码来验证下,我故意将逻辑包装到 DoWork() 方法中,然后处理完之后再次触发GC,修改后的代码如下:

     internal class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             DoWork();              GC.Collect();             GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();              Console.WriteLine("GC已触发,请再次观察 Assembly 是否被卸载...");              Console.ReadLine();         }          static void DoWork()         {             Console.WriteLine("=== 插件系统启动 ===");              // 设置插件目录             string pluginsPath = @"D:sourceswoodpeckerTestMyClassLibrarybinDebugnet8.0";              Console.WriteLine($"插件路径: {pluginsPath}");              var dllFile = Directory.GetFiles(pluginsPath, "MyClassLibrary.dll").FirstOrDefault();              var _loadContext = new CustomAssemblyLoadContext("MyPluginContext", pluginsPath);              var assembly = _loadContext.LoadAssembly(dllFile);              var type = assembly.GetType("MyClassLibrary.SamplePlugin");              IPlugin plugin = (IPlugin)Activator.CreateInstance(type);              Console.WriteLine($"- {plugin.Name} v{plugin.Version}");              Console.WriteLine($"n执行插件: {plugin.Name} v{plugin.Version}");             plugin.Execute();             string result = plugin.GetResult();             Console.WriteLine($"插件返回: {result}");              _loadContext.Unload();              Console.WriteLine("程序集已标记为卸载... 请观察 Assembly 是否被卸载...");             Console.ReadKey();         }     }  

聊一聊 .NET 的 AssemblyLoadContext 可插拔程序集

从卦中可以看到确实已经不再有 MyClassLibrary.dll 程序集了,但托管堆上还有 CustomAssemblyLoadContext 死对象,当后续GC触发时再回收,用windbg验证如下:

 0:014> !dumpobj /d 238e9c464c8 Name:        Example_1_6.CustomAssemblyLoadContext MethodTable: 00007ff88a06f098 EEClass:     00007ff88a079008 Tracked Type: false Size:        88(0x58) bytes File:        D:sourceswoodpeckerTestExample_1_6binDebugnet8.0Example_1_6.dll Fields:               MT    Field   Offset                 Type VT     Attr            Value Name 00007ff889e870a0  4001116       30        System.IntPtr  1 instance 000002388042A8F0 _nativeAssemblyLoadContext 00007ff889dd5fa8  4001117        8        System.Object  0 instance 00000238e9c46520 _unloadLock 0000000000000000  4001118       10                       0 instance 0000000000000000 _resolvingUnmanagedDll 0000000000000000  4001119       18                       0 instance 0000000000000000 _resolving 0000000000000000  400111a       20                       0 instance 0000000000000000 _unloading 00007ff889e8ec08  400111b       28        System.String  0 instance 0000023880006a30 _name 00007ff889e3a5f0  400111c       38         System.Int64  1 instance                0 _id 00007ff889f2f108  400111d       40         System.Int32  1 instance                1 _state 00007ff889ddd070  400111e       44       System.Boolean  1 instance                1 _isCollectible 00007ff88a0ed120  4001114      a00 ...Private.CoreLib]]  0   static 00000238e9c46550 s_allContexts 00007ff889e3a5f0  4001115      bc0         System.Int64  1   static                1 s_nextId 0000000000000000  400111f      a08 ...yLoadEventHandler  0   static 0000000000000000 AssemblyLoad 0000000000000000  4001120      a10 ...solveEventHandler  0   static 0000000000000000 TypeResolve 0000000000000000  4001121      a18 ...solveEventHandler  0   static 0000000000000000 ResourceResolve 0000000000000000  4001122      a20 ...solveEventHandler  0   static 0000000000000000 AssemblyResolve 0000000000000000  4001123      a28                       0   static 0000000000000000 s_asyncLocalCurrent 00007ff889e8ec08  4000001       48        System.String  0 instance 0000023880006938 _dependenciesPath  0:014> !gcroot 238e9c464c8 Caching GC roots, this may take a while. Subsequent runs of this command will be faster.  Found 0 unique roots.  

三:总结

有时候感叹 知识无涯人有涯,在 dump分析中不断的螺旋式提升,理论指导实践,实践反哺理论。
聊一聊 .NET 的 AssemblyLoadContext 可插拔程序集

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