一:背景
1. 讲故事
如果你读完前六篇,我相信你对 harmony 的简单使用应该是没什么问题了,现在你处于手拿锤子看谁都是钉子的情况,那这篇我就找高级调试里非常经典的 3个钉子 让大家捶一锤。
二:三大故障案例
1. ConcurrentBag 大集合问题
在高级调试中经常会遇到一类问题就是托管内存暴涨,最终在托管堆上发现了超大的一个集合,windbg 输出如下:
0:014> !gcroot 028266c9ff30 HandleTable: 0000028262d51328 (strong handle) -> 0282675459a0 System.Object[] -> 0282675459c8 System.Threading.ThreadLocal<System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue>+LinkedSlotVolatile[] -> 028267545a00 System.Threading.ThreadLocal<System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue>+LinkedSlot -> 028267545a30 System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag<Example_20_1_1.Student>+WorkStealingQueue -> 028267fe0198 Example_20_1_1.Student[] -> 028266c9ff30 Example_20_1_1.Student 0:014> !dumpobj /d 28267545a30 Name: System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentBag`1+WorkStealingQueue[[Example_20_1_1.Student, Example_20_1_1]] File: C:Program FilesdotnetsharedMicrosoft.NETCore.App8.0.13System.Collections.Concurrent.dll Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007fff8fc31188 4000017 18 System.Int32 1 instance 0 _headIndex 00007fff8fc31188 4000018 1c System.Int32 1 instance 1000000 _tailIndex 00007fff8fe76168 4000019 8 System.__Canon[] 0 instance 0000028267fe0198 _array ...
从windbg的输出中可以看到ConcurrentBag中有100w条记录,现在我就特别想知道,这个ConcurrentBag的变量是什么,谁在不断的Add操作?这刚好是 harmony 的大显神威之处,由于引用类型的泛型参数统一由__Canon替代,这里我就使用它的基类 object,参考代码如下:
namespace Example_20_1_1 { internal class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.threadhook"); harmony.PatchAll(); RunWork(); Console.ReadLine(); } static void RunWork() { ConcurrentBag<Student> studentBags = new ConcurrentBag<Student>(); studentBags.Add(new Student() { Id = 1 }); studentBags.Add(new Student() { Id = 2 }); ConcurrentBag<Person> personBags = new ConcurrentBag<Person>(); personBags.Add(new Person() { Id = 1 }); } } [HarmonyPatch(typeof(ConcurrentBag<object>), "Add", new Type[] { typeof(object) })] public class ConcurrentBagHook { public static void Prefix(object __instance) { } public static void Postfix(object __instance, object __0) { var count = Traverse.Create(__instance).Property("Count").GetValue<int>(); Console.WriteLine($"泛型参数:{__0.GetType()},当前Count={count}"); Console.WriteLine(Environment.StackTrace); } } public class Student { public int Id { get; set; } } public class Person { public int Id { get; set; } } }

从卦中可以看到不同类型的 ConcurrentBag 的集合元素数,以及对应的上层调用栈,根据调用栈自然就能找到问题,即使它是在第三方sdk中。
2. 非主线程创建UI控件导致卡死
这个问题是 wpf/winform 常遇到的经典问题,介绍的再多也不为过,凡是遇到这种经典都会有这样的调用栈。
0:000:x86> !clrstack OS Thread Id: 0x4eb688 (0) Child SP IP Call Site 002fed38 0000002b [HelperMethodFrame_1OBJ: 002fed38] System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOneNative(System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle, UInt32, Boolean, Boolean) 002fee1c 5cddad21 System.Threading.WaitHandle.InternalWaitOne(System.Runtime.InteropServices.SafeHandle, Int64, Boolean, Boolean) 002fee34 5cddace8 System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne(Int32, Boolean) 002fee48 538d876c System.Windows.Forms.Control.WaitForWaitHandle(System.Threading.WaitHandle) 002fee88 53c5214a System.Windows.Forms.Control.MarshaledInvoke(System.Windows.Forms.Control, System.Delegate, System.Object[], Boolean) 002fee8c 538dab4b [InlinedCallFrame: 002fee8c] 002fef14 538dab4b System.Windows.Forms.Control.Invoke(System.Delegate, System.Object[]) 002fef48 53b03bc6 System.Windows.Forms.WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Send(System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback, System.Object) 002fef60 5c774708 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents+SystemEventInvokeInfo.Invoke(Boolean, System.Object[]) 002fef94 5c6616ec Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.RaiseEvent(Boolean, System.Object, System.Object[]) 002fefe8 5c660cd4 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.OnUserPreferenceChanged(Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr) 002ff008 5c882c98 Microsoft.Win32.SystemEvents.WindowProc(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr) ...
底层原理我在 https://www.cnblogs.com/huangxincheng/p/18668388 这一篇中跟大家详细聊过,这里就不细说了,在这里我只要追踪到那个不该出生的control 就算赢了,即Application下的内部类 MarshalingControl,参考代码如下:
namespace WindowsFormsApp1 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.marshalingcontrolhook"); harmony.PatchAll(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { Button btn = new Button(); var query = btn.Handle; } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(); } } [HarmonyPatch] public class MarshalingControlHook { [HarmonyTargetMethod] static MethodBase TargetMethod() { var methodInfo = AccessTools.Inner(typeof(Application), "MarshalingControl").Constructor(); return methodInfo; } public static void Prefix() { Debug.WriteLine("----------------------------"); Debug.WriteLine($"控件创建线程:{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}"); Debug.WriteLine(Environment.StackTrace); Debug.WriteLine("----------------------------"); } } }

从卦中可以轻松的看到,原来是用户代码 backgroundWorker1_DoWork 创建的 MarshalingControl 类,自此真相大白。
3. 孤儿锁问题
在大家的潜意识中都会认为lock锁都是有进有出,但在真实的场景下也会存在 有进没出 的情况,那是什么场景呢?对,就是 lock 处理非托管代码的时候,如果非托管代码意外让当前线程退出,就会遇到这种经典的 孤儿锁 现象,参考代码如下:
internal class Program { [DllImport("Example_20_1_5", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)] public extern static void dowork(); public static object lockMe = new object(); static void Main(string[] args) { var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.monitorhook"); harmony.PatchAll(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Task.Run(() => { lock (lockMe) { Console.WriteLine("1. 调用 C++ 代码..."); dowork(); Console.WriteLine("2. C++ 代码执行完毕..."); } }); } Console.ReadLine(); } }
代码中的 dowork 是由 C 实现的,参考如下:
extern "C" { _declspec(dllexport) void dowork(); } #include "iostream" #include <Windows.h> using namespace std; void dowork() { ExitThread(0); }
启动程序后,你会发现 !syncblk 中对object的持有线程丢了。。。一旦丢失,就会污染 object的对象头,导致其他线程一直等待 持有线程 的释放,最终引发程序卡死的灾难后果,参考如下:
0:008> !syncblk Index SyncBlock MonitorHeld Recursion Owning Thread Info SyncBlock Owner 1 02D562D4 5 1 02D4D400 0 XXX 0504c1b0 System.Object ----------------------------- Total 2 CCW 0 RCW 0 ComClassFactory 0 Free 0
上面的XXX就是丢失的持有线程,接下来的问题就是洞察到底是哪个线程持有锁之后意外退出了。。。这也是 harmony 的强项,我们对 lock 的底层 Monitor.Enter 进行监控,通过 object 的内存地址观察当初是谁调用的,修改后的完整代码如下:
internal class Program { [DllImport("Example_20_1_5", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)] public extern static void dowork(); public static object lockMe = new object(); static void Main(string[] args) { var harmony = new Harmony("com.example.monitorhook"); harmony.PatchAll(); for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { Task.Run(() => { lock (lockMe) { Console.WriteLine("1. 调用 C++ 代码..."); dowork(); Console.WriteLine("2. C++ 代码执行完毕..."); } }); } Console.ReadLine(); } } [HarmonyPatch] public class MonitorHook { [HarmonyTargetMethod] static MethodBase TargetMethod() { var enterMethodInfo = AccessTools.Method(typeof(Monitor), "Enter", new[] { typeof(object), typeof(bool).MakeByRefType() }); return enterMethodInfo; } public static unsafe void Postfix(object obj) { void** ptr = (void**)Unsafe.AsPointer(ref obj); //注意:不要使用带 lock 的底层方法,否则会导致 死循环,建议将内容通过 c++ 写入。 Debug.WriteLine("-----------------------"); Debug.WriteLine($"对象引用地址: 0x{(long)(*ptr):X8} , tid={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}, 调用栈:n {Environment.StackTrace}"); Debug.WriteLine("-----------------------"); } }
程序执行后,观察 output 和 windbg 的输出信息,参考如下:
----------------------- 对象引用地址: 0x057CCFD8 , tid=4, 调用栈: at System.Environment.get_StackTrace() at Example_20_1_1.MonitorHook.Postfix(Object obj) in D:skyfly20.20250116srcExampleExample_20_1_1Program.cs:line 61 at System.Threading.Monitor.Enter_Patch1(Object obj, Boolean& lockTaken) at Example_20_1_1.Program.<>c.<Main>b__2_0() in D:skyfly20.20250116srcExampleExample_20_1_1Program.cs:line 31 at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.InnerInvoke() at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.<>c.<.cctor>b__281_0(Object obj) at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunFromThreadPoolDispatchLoop(Thread threadPoolThread, ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(Task& currentTaskSlot, Thread threadPoolThread) at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntryUnsafe(Thread threadPoolThread) at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteFromThreadPool(Thread threadPoolThread) at System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch() at System.Threading.PortableThreadPool.WorkerThread.WorkerThreadStart() at System.Threading.Thread.StartCallback() ----------------------- 0:008> !syncblk Index SyncBlock MonitorHeld Recursion Owning Thread Info SyncBlock Owner 5 0AE90184 5 1 035EC578 0 XXX 057ccfd8 System.Object ----------------------------- Total 6 CCW 0 RCW 0 ComClassFactory 0 Free 0
根据上面调用栈的输出结果,原来这个 057ccfd8 的 object 是由 b__2_0 方法调用的,在真实场景中可能有多处,不过此时我们把范围已经缩小到了极致。
这里还有一个告警点,即我用了 Debug.WriteLine 而没有使用 Console.WriteLine 是因为后者本身就带有锁,使用的话就直接死循环了,建议大家写一个C的导出函数来输出内容。
三:总结
本篇列出的3个案例在.NET高级调试领域中还是非常经典的,如果用的合适,相信对你找出程序的疑难杂症事半功倍。
