在Web应用程序中，安全性是一个至关重要的方面。Spring Security是Spring框架的一个子项目，用于提供安全访问控制的功能。通过集成Spring Security，我们可以轻松实现用户认证、授权、加密、会话管理等安全功能。本篇文章将指导大家从零开始，在Spring Boot项目中集成Spring Security，并通过MyBatis-Plus从数据库中获取用户信息，实现用户认证与授权。
环境准备
在开始之前，请确保你的开发环境已经安装了Java、Gradle和IDE（如IntelliJ IDEA或Eclipse）。同时，你也需要在项目中引入Spring Boot、Spring Security、MyBatis-Plus以及数据库的依赖。
创建Spring Boot项目
首先，我们需要创建一个Spring Boot项目。可以使用Spring Initializr（https://start.spring.io/）来快速生成项目结构。在生成项目时，选择所需的依赖，如Web、Thymeleaf（或JSP）、Spring Security等。
添加Spring Security依赖
在项目的pom.xml（Maven）或build.gradle（Gradle）文件中，添加Spring Security的依赖。
对于Gradle，添加以下依赖：
group = 'cn.daimajiangxin' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' description ='Spring Security' dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web' compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok' annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok' runtimeOnly 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.17' // MyBatis-Plus 依赖 implementation 'com.baomidou:mybatis-plus-spring-boot3-starter:3.5.5' implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security' implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf' } 对于Maven，添加以下依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> 创建实体类
创建一个简单的实体类，映射到数据库表。
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName; import lombok.Data; import java.io.Serializable; @TableName(value ="user") @Data public class User implements Serializable { /** * 学生ID */ @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) private Long id; /** * 姓名 */ private String name; @TableField(value="user_name") private String userName; private String password; /** * 邮箱 */ private String email; /** * 年龄 */ private Integer age; /** * 备注 */ private String remark; @TableField(exist = false) private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; } 创建Mapper接口
创建对应的Mapper接口，通常放在与实体类相同的包下，并继承BaseMapper 接口。例如：
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper; public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { } 创建Mapper XML文件
在resources的mapper目录下创建对应的XML文件，例如UserMapper.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper.UserMapper"> <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User"> <id property="id" column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/> <result property="name" column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result property="user_name" column="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result property="password" column="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result property="email" column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> <result property="age" column="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/> <result property="remark" column="remark" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/> </resultMap> <sql id="Base_Column_List"> id,name,email,age,remark </sql> <select id="findAllUsers" resultMap="BaseResultMap"> select <include refid="Base_Column_List"></include> from user </select> </mapper> 创建Service 接口
在service目录下服务类接口UserService
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService; public interface UserService extends IService<User> { } 创建Service实现类
在service目录下创建一个impl目录，并创建UserService实现类UserServiceImpl
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper.UserMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User>implements UserService{ } 创建UserDetailsService实现类
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.impl; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper; import jakarta.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Service public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService { @Resource private UserService userService; @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { LambdaQueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper=new LambdaQueryWrapper<User>(); queryWrapper.eq(User::getUserName,username); User user=userService.getOne(queryWrapper); List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>(); return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getName(), user.getPassword(),authorities ); } } Java配置类
创建一个配置类，并创建SecurityFilterChain 的Bean。
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.config; import jakarta.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.StandardPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain; @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity public class SecurityConfig { @Resource private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Bean public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorizeRequests -> authorizeRequests .requestMatchers("/", "/home") .permitAll() .anyRequest().authenticated() // 其他所有请求都需要认证 ) .formLogin(formLogin -> formLogin .loginPage("/login") // 指定登录页面 .permitAll() // 允许所有人访问登录页面 ) .logout(logout -> logout .permitAll() // 允许所有人访问注销URL ) // 注册重写后的UserDetailsService实现 .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); return http.build(); // 添加自定义过滤器或其他配置 } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new StandardPasswordEncoder(); } } 创建登录页面
在src/main/resources/templates目录下创建一个Thymeleaf模板作为登录页面，例如login.html。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <title>登录</title> </head> <body> <form th:action="@{/doLogin}" method="post"> <div><label> User Name : <input type="text" name="username"/> </label></div> <div><label> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/> </label></div> <div><input type="submit" value="登录"/></div> </form> </body> </html> 创建控制器
创建一个UserController，
package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.controller; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User; import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import java.util.List; @RestController public class UserController { private final UserService userService; @Autowired public UserController(UserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } @GetMapping({"/login",}) public ModelAndView login(Model model) { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("login"); return mv ; } @PostMapping("/doLogin") public String doLogin(@RequestParam String username,@RequestParam String password) { QueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper=new QueryWrapper<>(); queryWrapper.eq("user_name",username); User user= userService.getOne(queryWrapper); if(user==null){ return "登录失败，用户没有找到"; } if(! user.getPassword().equals(password)){ return "登录失败，密码错误"; } return "登录成功"; } } 登录页面
运行你的Spring Boot应用程序，用浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/login.
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