5个 Istio 访问外部服务流量控制最常用的例子,你知道几个?

5 个 Istio 访问外部服务的流量控制常用例子,强烈建议收藏起来,以备不时之需。

环境准备

部署 sleep 服务,作为发送请求的测试源:

kubectl apply -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml 

在 Istio 外部,使用 Nginx 搭建 duckling 服务的v1和v2两个版本,访问时显示简单的文本:

> curl -s http://192.168.1.118/ This is the v1 version of duckling. > curl -s http://192.168.1.119/ This is the v2 version of duckling. 

访问外部服务

执行如下命名访问外部服务 httpbin.org :

export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=sleep -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- curl -s http://httpbin.org/headers 

返回结果如下:

{   "headers": {     "Accept": "*/*",      "Host": "httpbin.org",      "User-Agent": "curl/7.81.0-DEV",      "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-62bbfa10-3237e3b9662c65ae005148ab",      "X-B3-Sampled": "0",      "X-B3-Spanid": "9e650093bf7ae862",      "X-B3-Traceid": "1da46d7fafa5d71c9e650093bf7ae862",      "X-Envoy-Attempt-Count": "1",      "X-Envoy-Peer-Metadata": "......",      "X-Envoy-Peer-Metadata-Id": "sidecar~......"   } } 

此时的方法,没有通过Service Entry,没有 Istio 的流量监控和控制特性。创建 Service Entry :

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata:   name: httpbin-ext spec:   hosts:   - httpbin.org   ports:   - number: 80     name: http     protocol: HTTP   resolution: DNS   location: MESH_EXTERNAL EOF 

再此次访问,返回结果如下:

{   "headers": {     "Accept": "*/*",      "Host": "httpbin.org",      "User-Agent": "curl/7.81.0-DEV",      "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-62bbfbd6-254b05344b3cde2c0c41b3b8",      "X-B3-Sampled": "0",      "X-B3-Spanid": "307c0b106c8b262e",      "X-B3-Traceid": "f684a50776c088ac307c0b106c8b262e",      "X-Envoy-Attempt-Count": "1",      "X-Envoy-Decorator-Operation": "httpbin.org:80/*",      "X-Envoy-Peer-Metadata": "......",      "X-Envoy-Peer-Metadata-Id": "sidecar~......"   } } 

可以发现由 Istio 边车添加的请求头:X-Envoy-Decorator-Operation

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设置请求超时

向外部服务 httpbin.org 的 /delay 发出请求:

export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=sleep -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- time curl -o /dev/null -sS -w "%{http_code}n" http://httpbin.org/delay/5 

返回结果如下:

200 real    0m 5.69s user    0m 0.00s sys     0m 0.00s 

请求大约在 5 秒后返回 200 (OK)。

创建虚拟服务,访问外部服务 httpbin.org 时, 请求超时设置为 3 秒:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: httpbin-ext spec:   hosts:     - httpbin.org   http:   - timeout: 3s     route:       - destination:           host: httpbin.org         weight: 100 EOF 

再此次访问,返回结果如下:

504 real    0m 3.01s user    0m 0.00s sys     0m 0.00s 

可以看出,在 3 秒后出现了 504 (Gateway Timeout)。 Istio 在 3 秒后切断了响应时间为 5 秒的 httpbin.org 服务。

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注入 HTTP 延迟故障

向外部服务 httpbin.org 的 /get 发出请求:

export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pods  -l app=sleep -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- time curl -o /dev/null -sS -w "%{http_code}n" http://httpbin.org/get 

返回结果如下:

200 real  0m 0.45s user  0m 0.00s sys 0m 0.00s 

请求不到 1 秒就返回 200 (OK)。

创建虚拟服务,访问外部服务 httpbin.org 时, 注入一个 3 秒的延迟:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: httpbin-ext spec:   hosts:     - httpbin.org   http:     - fault:         delay:           fixedDelay: 3s           percentage:             value: 100       route:         - destination:             host: httpbin.org EOF 

再此次访问 httpbin.org 的 /get ,返回结果如下:

200 real  0m 3.43s user  0m 0.00s sys 0m 0.00s 

可以看出,在 3 秒后出现了 200 (OK)。

流量转移

访问duckling服务时,所有流量都路由到v1版本,具体配置如下:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   ports:   - number: 80     name: http     protocol: HTTP   location: MESH_EXTERNAL   resolution: STATIC   endpoints:   - address: 172.24.29.118     ports:       http: 80     labels:       version: v1   - address: 172.24.29.119     ports:       http: 80     labels:       version: v2 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   http:   - route:     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v1 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata:   name: duckling spec:   host: duckling.com   subsets:     - labels:         version: v1       name: v1     - labels:         version: v2       name: v2 EOF 

执行如下命名访问外部服务 duckling.com :

export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=sleep -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- curl -s http://duckling.com/ 

多次访问后,返回结果一直是:This is the v1 version of duckling.

访问duckling服务时,把50%流量转移到v2版本,具体配置如下:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   http:   - route:     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v1       weight: 50     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v2       weight: 50 EOF 

多次访问外部服务 duckling.com ,有时返回This is the v1 version of duckling.,有时返回This is the v2 version of duckling.

访问duckling服务时,所有流量都路由到v2版本,具体配置如下:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   http:   - route:     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v2 EOF 

多次访问外部服务 duckling.com ,一直返回This is the v2 version of duckling.

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基于请求头的路由

请求头end-user为OneMore的所有流量都路由到v2版本,其他流量都路由到v1版本,具体配置如下:

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   ports:   - number: 80     name: http     protocol: HTTP   location: MESH_EXTERNAL   resolution: STATIC   endpoints:   - address: 172.24.29.118     ports:       http: 80     labels:       version: v1   - address: 172.24.29.119     ports:       http: 80     labels:       version: v2 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata:   name: duckling spec:   hosts:   - duckling.com   http:   - match:     - headers:         end-user:           exact: OneMore     route:     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v2   - route:     - destination:         host: duckling.com         subset: v1 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata:   name: duckling spec:   host: duckling.com   subsets:     - labels:         version: v1       name: v1     - labels:         version: v2       name: v2 EOF 

执行如下命名访问外部服务 duckling.com :

export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pods -l app=sleep -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- curl -s http://duckling.com/ 

多次访问的返回结果一直是:This is the v1 version of duckling.

设置请求头end-user为OneMore,访问外部服务 duckling.com :

kubectl exec "$SLEEP_POD" -c sleep -- curl -H "end-user:OneMore" -s http://duckling.com/ 

多次访问的返回结果一直是:This is the v2 version of duckling.

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5个 Istio 访问外部服务流量控制最常用的例子,你知道几个?

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