【Playwright+Python】系列教程（七）使用Playwright进行API接口测试

技术分享 2年前 (2024-08-07) 0 999+

关注

playwright也是可以做接口测试的，但个人觉得还是没有requests库强大，但和selenium相比的话，略胜一筹，毕竟支持API登录，也就是说可以不用交互直接调用接口操作了。

怎么用

既然是API的测试了，那肯定就别搞UI自动化那套，搞什么浏览器交互，那叫啥API测试，纯属扯淡。

也不像有些博主更懒，直接贴的官方例子，难道我用你再帮我复制一次？

来下面，说明下使用playwright如何做API测试？

实例化request对象

示例代码如下：

playwright.request.new_context()

没错，实例化后，就是调API，看吧，其实也不是很难是不是？

实战举栗

这里用我自己写的学生管理系统的部分接口来做演示，并对部分常用api做以说明，代码示例都是用同步的写法。

1、GET请求

示例如下：

def testQueryStudent(playwright: Playwright):     """     查询学生     """     url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentFindById'     param = {         'id': 105     }     request_context = playwright.request.new_context()     response = request_context.get(url=url, params=param)     assert response.ok     assert response.json()     print('n', response.json())

效果：

2、POST请求

示例代码：

def testAddStudent(playwright: Playwright):     """     新增学生     :return:     """     url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentAdd'     request_body = {         "className": "banji",         "courseName": "wuli",         "email": "ales@qq.com",         "name": "ales",         "score": 70,         "sex": "boy",         "studentId": "92908290"     }     header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}     request_context = playwright.request.new_context()     response = request_context.post(url=url, headers=header, data=request_body)     assert response.ok     assert response.json()     print('n', response.json())

效果：

3、PUT请求

示例代码：

def testUpdateStudents(playwright: Playwright):     """     修改学生     """     url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentUpdate/100'     param = {         'studentId': "id" + str(100),         'name': "name" + str(100),         'score': 100,         "sex": "girl",         "className": "class" + str(100),         "courseName": "course" + str(100),         "email": str(100) + "email@qq.com"      }     request_context = playwright.request.new_context()     response = request_context.put(url=url, form=param)     assert response.ok     assert response.json()     print('n', response.json())

效果：

4、DELETE请求

示例代码：

def testDeleteStudents(playwright: Playwright):     """     删除学生     """     url = 'http://localhost:8090/studentDelete/' + str(105)     request_context = playwright.request.new_context()     response = request_context.delete(url=url)     assert response.ok     assert response.json()     print('n', response.json())

效果：

5、上传文件

这个是特例吧，按照官方给的方法，我真的是死活也不能成功，一直都是提示上上传文件不能为空，也不到为啥，结果我用了一个替代方案，就是抓包模拟的构造入参，才成功，也是曲折呀。

示例代码：

def test_upload_file(playwright: Playwright):     '''     上传文件     :param playwright:     :return:     '''     # 创建请求上下文     request_context = playwright.request.new_context()      # 定义上传文件的URL     upload_url = "http://localhost:8090/fileUpload"      # 文件路径     file_path = "d:/demo.txt"      # 获取文件名和MIME类型     filename = file_path.split('/')[-1]     mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)     if not mime_type:         mime_type = 'application/octet-stream'      # 读取文件内容     with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:         file_content = file.read()      # 构造multipart/form-data的边界字符串     boundary = '---------------------' + str(random.randint(1e28, 1e29 - 1))      # 构造请求体     body = (         f'--{boundary}rn'         f'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="{filename}"rn'         f'Content-Type: {mime_type}rnrn'         f'{file_content.decode("utf-8") if mime_type.startswith("text/") else file_content.hex()}'         f'rn--{boundary}--rn'     ).encode('utf-8')      # 设置请求头     headers = {         'Content-Type': f'multipart/form-data; boundary={boundary}',     }     # 发起POST请求     response = request_context.post(upload_url, data=body, headers=headers)      # 检查响应     assert response.status == 200, f"Upload failed with status: {response.status}"     assert response.ok     assert response.json()     print('n', response.json())

效果：

官方写法：

官方写法：

# 读取文件内容 with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:     file_content = file.read()     response = request_context.post(upload_url, multipart={         "fileField": {             "name": "demo.txt",             "mimeType": "text/plain",             "buffer": file_content,         }     }) print('n', response.json())

效果：

官方写法，我不知道为啥，有大侠知道，还请帮忙给个例子，小弟不胜感激呀！