如何在 pyqt 中自定义工具提示 ToolTip

技术分享 2年前 (2022-05-24) 0 999+

前言

Qt 自带的工具提示样式不太好看，就算加了样式表也时不时会失效，同时工具提示没有阴影，看起来就更难受了。所以本篇博客将会介绍自定义工具提示的方法，效果如下图所示：

实现过程

工具提示其实就是一个带了标签的窗口，为了给工具提示加上阴影，只要给窗口设置 QGraphicsShadowEffect 即可。同时 QToolTip 弹出之后不会一直卡在界面上，一段时间后就会消失，所以我们应该给自定义的工具提示加上一个 QTimer，时间溢出之后就隐藏工具提示。

# coding:utf-8 from PyQt5.QtCore import QFile, QPropertyAnimation, QTimer, Qt from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QFrame, QGraphicsDropShadowEffect,                              QHBoxLayout, QLabel)   class ToolTip(QFrame):      def __init__(self, text='', parent=None):         super().__init__(parent=parent)         self.__text = text         self.__duration = 1000         self.timer = QTimer(self)         self.hBox = QHBoxLayout(self)         self.label = QLabel(text, self)         self.ani = QPropertyAnimation(self, b'windowOpacity', self)          # set layout         self.hBox.addWidget(self.label)         self.hBox.setContentsMargins(10, 7, 10, 7)          # add shadow         self.shadowEffect = QGraphicsDropShadowEffect(self)         self.shadowEffect.setBlurRadius(32)         self.shadowEffect.setColor(QColor(0, 0, 0, 60))         self.shadowEffect.setOffset(0, 5)         self.setGraphicsEffect(self.shadowEffect)          self.timer.setSingleShot(True)         self.timer.timeout.connect(self.hide)          # set style         self.setAttribute(Qt.WA_StyledBackground)         self.setDarkTheme(False)         self.__setQss()      def text(self):         return self.__text      def setText(self, text: str):         """ set text on tooltip """         self.__text = text         self.label.setText(text)         self.label.adjustSize()         self.adjustSize()      def duration(self):         return self.__duration      def setDuration(self, duration: int):         """ set tooltip duration in milliseconds """         self.__duration = abs(duration)      def __setQss(self):         """ set style sheet """         f = QFile("resource/tooltip.qss")         f.open(QFile.ReadOnly)         self.setStyleSheet(str(f.readAll(), encoding='utf-8'))         f.close()          self.label.adjustSize()         self.adjustSize()      def setDarkTheme(self, dark=False):         """ set dark theme """         dark = 'true' if dark else 'false'         self.setProperty('dark', dark)         self.label.setProperty('dark', dark)         self.setStyle(QApplication.style())      def showEvent(self, e):         self.timer.stop()         self.timer.start(self.__duration)         super().showEvent(e)      def hideEvent(self, e):         self.timer.stop()         super().hideEvent(e)

工具提示继承自 QFrame 的原因是我们需要设置边框样式，样式表如下所示，支持亮暗两种主题：

ToolTip[dark="false"] {     border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);     border-radius: 5px;     background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243); }  ToolTip[dark="true"] {     border: 1px solid rgb(28, 28, 28);     border-radius: 5px;     background-color: rgb(43, 43, 43); }  QLabel {     background-color: transparent;     font: 15px 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft YaHei'; }  QLabel[dark="false"] {     color: black; }  QLabel[dark="true"] {     color: white; }

测试

下述代码的运行效果就是动图中所示的样子，只要给想要设置工具提示的部件安装上事件过滤器，就能将 QToolTip 替换成自定义的工具提示：

# coding:utf-8 import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import QEvent, QPoint from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout  from tool_tip import ToolTip   class Demo(QWidget):      def __init__(self):         super().__init__()         self.hBox = QHBoxLayout(self)         self.button1 = QPushButton('キラキラ', self)         self.button2 = QPushButton('食べた愛', self)         self._toolTip = ToolTip(parent=self)         # self._tooltip.setDarkTheme(True)          self.button1.setToolTip('aiko - キラキラ ✨')         self.button2.setToolTip('aiko - 食べた愛 🥰')         self.button1.setToolTipDuration(1000)         self.button2.setToolTipDuration(5000)          self.button1.installEventFilter(self)         self.button2.installEventFilter(self)          self.hBox.setContentsMargins(30, 30, 30, 30)         self.hBox.setSpacing(20)         self.hBox.addWidget(self.button1)         self.hBox.addWidget(self.button2)          self.resize(600, 300)         self._toolTip.hide()          with open('resource/demo.qss', encoding='utf-8') as f:             self.setStyleSheet(f.read())      def eventFilter(self, obj, e: QEvent):         if obj is self:             return super().eventFilter(obj, e)          tip = self._toolTip         if e.type() == QEvent.Enter:             tip.setText(obj.toolTip())             tip.setDuration(obj.toolTipDuration())              pos = obj.mapTo(self, QPoint(0, 0))             x = pos.x() + obj.width()//2 - tip.width()//2             y = pos.y() - 5 - tip.height()              # adjust postion to prevent tooltips from appearing outside the window             x = min(max(5, x), self.width() - tip.width() - 5)             y = min(max(5, y), self.height() - tip.height() - 5)              tip.move(x, y)             tip.show()         elif e.type() == QEvent.Leave:             tip.hide()         elif e.type() == QEvent.ToolTip:             return True          return super().eventFilter(obj, e)   if __name__ == '__main__':     app = QApplication(sys.argv)     w = Demo()     w.show()     app.exec_()

用到的样式文件如下：

QWidget{     background-color: white; }  QPushButton {     background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);     padding: 10px 64px 10px 64px;     font: 19px 'Microsoft YaHei';     border: transparent;     border-radius: 4px; }  QPushButton:pressed:hover {     background-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }  QPushButton:hover {     background-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); }  QPushButton:disabled {     background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);     color: rgb(122, 122, 122); }